This World of Things – Class 3 The World Around Us Chapter 10 Notes & NCERT PDF

Introduction

This chapter opens Unit 4: Things Around Us. Khushi reaches school early, sees sunlight streaming into her classroom, and draws the scene. She wonders: "Where have all these things come from? Who has made them? What are they all made of?" Children help Khushi find out about materials: what things are made of, how materials differ, and which things are natural and which are made by people.

What's in this Chapter

1. What are things made of? The table and chair are made of wood, which comes from trees. Door hinges, nails and latches are made of metals, which are carefully taken out of certain rock and sediment called ore, dug from inside the Earth. Common metals include iron, copper, aluminium, gold and silver. Steel, brass and bronze are alloys, mixtures of metals. In "Spot the metals", children list metal things around them.

2. See-through materials. Khushi reached out to touch the flowers outside, and her hand touched the glass pane. She had seen the flowers through the glass. Children look at a bulb or candle flame through different objects and sort them:

Take care: never look at the sun, either directly or through any object.

3. Let us colour the world! Children look at white paper through coloured transparent bags, bottles or thin cloth and notice how colours seem to change.

4. What is it made of? Khushi's list:

Clay and rubber are missing from her list. Materials come from sources: wood from trees and metals from ore. "Glass is mostly made of sand!"

5. Different in other ways. Materials can feel smooth or rough, and look dull or shiny, and some feel cold to the touch. In Knock on it (Orchestra), children tap a spoon on wood, metal, plastic, cloth and glass, name the sounds (ting-ting, dhum-dhum) and compose beats.

6. Does it bend? Wood is hard and rigid. Fabric is soft and flexible, so it suits clothes and curtains. In Odd Pairs, children match objects with unsuitable materials, for example an umbrella made of paper, which would tear in the rain.

7. Does it flow? Walls cannot be made of water. Things that keep their shape are solids (stones, bricks, wood). Water flows and takes the shape of its container; it is a liquid. Air floats in and out and does not stay in a cup; it is a gas. Children sort ink, stone, smoke, ice, steam, spoon, honey, bottle, bag and water. Sand, sponge and clay can be confusing.

8. Natural and artificial. The mango tree, the mango and the bird are natural; they are not made by humans. Natural things may be alive (plants, animals) or not alive (rocks, water, air). Things made by people, like clothes, shoes and tables, are artificial. Khushi's mango picture asks whether it was drawn around January or June.

Key Ideas

Words to Learn

Tips for Parents & Teachers

Common Mistakes