Raksha Bandhan – Class 3 Maths Chapter 7 Notes & NCERT PDF

Class 3MathematicsChapter 7NCERT book: Maths Mela - Class 3

Notes and a simple summary of Chapter 7 of the NCERT Class 3 Mathematics book, with the official chapter PDF, flashcards, an MCQ quiz and an AI tutor for your doubts.

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Chapter 7: Raksha Bandhan

Introduction

Gopal and Dhara are excited because their beloved Atya (father's sister) is visiting for Raksha Bandhan. While making rakhis, buying sweets and visiting a farm and Puri beach, children learn multiplication as repeated addition and division as equal sharing and repeated subtraction, and build times tables.

What's in this Chapter

1. Making rakhis. Each rakhi needs 1 flower, 2 threads and 4 beads. For 5 rakhis:

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5 × 1 = 5 flowers

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 5 × 2 = 10 threads

4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 5 × 4 = 20 beads

For 10 rakhis they need 10 flowers, 20 threads and 40 beads.

2. Laddoos. A box has 3 rows of 3: 3 + 3 + 3 = 3 × 3 = 9. Two boxes: 9 + 9 = 2 × 9 = 18 (also 6 × 3 = 18). Sharing 18 laddoos equally among 9 people gives 2 each: 18 ÷ 9 = 2.

3. Equal sharing.

20 kaju katlis among 5 people: 20 ÷ 5 = 4 each

16 kaju katlis among 4 people: 16 ÷ 4 = 4 each

15 pedas among 5: 3 each

12 wheels fit 12 ÷ 2 = 6 cycles

24 jalebis are 6 groups of 4, but 9 family members need 9 × 4 = 36 jalebis for four each

4. Plants in the garden. 8 × 6 and 6 × 8 are both 48: the same plants grouped two ways.

5. Farm and skip jumping. Counting chickens builds the times-2 table. Atya draws a number track and Dhara skip jumps by 3: 3, 6, 9, ... (2 jumps = 2 × 3 = 6). Children make times-4 and times-6 tables. Mithu's stick method shows the times-5 table.

6. Patterns in tables. Times-5 answers end in 0 or 5. The 2 and 3 tables add up to the 5 table (2 + 3 = 5, 4 + 6 = 10, ...).

7. Bigger problems.

20 wheels × 5 spokes = 100 spokes; 30 × 5 = 150

A spider has 8 legs, so 5 spiders have 40

Rabdi costs ₹75 a cup: 5 cups cost ₹375, so 4 ₹100 notes are given and ₹25 comes back

Dhruv has 112 shells and needs 28 per necklace: 112 − 28 − 28 − 28 = 28, so there are enough for all 3 friends and he could make 4 necklaces

Key Ideas

Multiplication = equal groups = repeated addition (5 × 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2).

Division = sharing equally or taking away equal groups again and again.

Order of multiplying does not change the answer (8 × 6 = 6 × 8).

Words to Learn

Times (×): groups of (गुणा)

Share equally (÷): give the same to each (बराबर बाँटना)

Repeated addition: adding the same number again (बार-बार जोड़ना)

Skip counting: counting in jumps (उछल गिनती)

Table: multiplication table (पहाड़ा)

Group: a set of things (समूह)

Spokes: thin rods in a wheel (तीलियाँ)

Tips for Parents & Teachers

Share snacks equally among family members and write the division sentence.

Make rakhis at home and count materials needed.

Skip jump on steps or a floor number track.

Common Mistakes

Adding instead of multiplying (5 groups of 4 is 20, not 9).

Leaving items unshared when dividing equally.

Thinking 8 × 6 and 6 × 8 are different amounts.

💡 Key Learning Points

✓Multiplication is repeated addition of equal groups (5 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20).
✓Division is equal sharing or repeated subtraction (18 ÷ 9 = 2; 20 ÷ 5 = 4).
✓Times tables can be built by skip counting, repeated addition or the stick method.
✓Changing the order of multiplication gives the same answer (8 × 6 = 6 × 8 = 48).
✓Tables have patterns, e.g. times-5 answers end in 0 or 5; 2-table + 3-table = 5-table.

👨‍🏫 Teaching Tips

→Use real beads, threads and flowers to make rakhis and count materials.
→Act out sharing laddoos or kaju katlis with paper sweets and plates.
→Draw a curvy number track on the ground for skip jumping.
→Use Mithu's stick-crossing method to build tables 5 to 10.
→Solve large-number division by repeated subtraction, as the teacher's note suggests.
→Ask children to find other pairs of tables that add up to a third table.

📋 Assessment Questions

Can the child write a repeated addition as multiplication?
Can the child share a number of objects equally and write the division?
Can the child skip count by 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6?
Can the child solve word problems like spiders' legs or cost of rabdi cups?

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